VOT can be very short, where the consonant release burst is roughly simultaneous with the onset of phonetic voicing/periodicity such consonants are described as “voiceless unaspirated” or “short-lag VOT” sounds. In English long-lag or aspirated stops are typically called “voiceless” stops for simplicity. During the interval between the consonant release burst and the onset of the following vowel, there is aperiodic noise stemming from the burst itself, and perhaps aspiration as well, particularly in the case of long-lag VOT (greater than ≈30 ms). Phonological voicing is more complex it is an abstract categorical dimension that usually is accompanied by phonetic voicing, but not necessarily so in all languages and dialects (e.g., there are other articulatory gestures and acoustic properties that can signify phonological voicing).
Phonetic voicing refers to vocal fold vibration, which gives rise to periodicity in the waveform. There is value in becoming familiar with the commonly used terms surrounding VOT and its accompanying properties in the domains of acoustics and articulation. The purpose of this article is to first describe VOT in sufficient detail to enable an experimenter to be informed about relevant acoustic properties, and then to introduce a freely available script to automate the creation of speech sounds that vary by VOT. VOT is an easily identifiable aspect of the acoustic signal, defined by the time elapsed between the release of stop consonant constriction (the “burst”) and the onset of periodicity in the following voiced segment (see Fig. Voice onset time and beyond: Exploring laryngeal contrast in 19 languages,” J. Lisker, L., andĪ cross-language study of voicing in stops: Acoustical measurements,” Word 20, 384– 422. It is a well-documented, simple yet effective distinguisher of phonological voicing that emerges in a large number of languages ( Lisker and Abramson, 1964 35. Voice onset time (VOT) is perhaps the most commonly manipulated acoustic-phonetic speech cue in perceptual experiments.
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